4. Referring to FIG. 4, concentrates which are high in copper and relatively low in nickel (Example: 8-15 percent copper and 1-5 percent nickel) can be smelted to produce crude copper (95-97 percent copper and 1-2 percent nickel) and a high-grade matte containing nickel and copper.

The data in FIG. 7 shows that depending upon the silica content of the slag, a sulfide wash producing a matte grade less than 25 weight percent copper can decrease the copper in the slag (soluble and entrained) to less than 0.5 weight percent.

iron. Then, by adding sulphur, a nickel-copper-cobalt matte is obtained. The matte can be treated by several methods used in the nickel industry. F or example, it may be ground before selective leaching with chlorine. After elimination of the sulphur from the copper solution, the nickel is e xtracted by ion exchange and electrolysis.

hydrometallurgical 2 copper production. Tables 6-1 and 6-2 provide capsule summaries of these processes. 1 PyrometaIIurgy IS the extractIon of metaI from ores anD concen-trates using chemical reactions at high temperatures. 2 Hydrometallurgy is the recovery of metaIs from ores using water-based solutions. As early as 6000 B. C., native copper ...

Plasket, R.P.; Romanchuk, S. Recovery of nickel and copper from high-grade matte at Impala Platinum by the Sherritt process. Hydrometallurgy 1978, 3, 135–151. [Google Scholar] Lamya, R.M.; Lorenzen, L. A study of factors influencing the kinetics of copper cementation during atmospheric leaching of converter matte. J.

Various processes are used to treat nickel matte. One process is the ammonia pressure leach, in which nickel is recovered from solution using hydrogen reduction, and the sulfur is recovered as ammonium sulfate for use as fertilizer.In another, the matte may be roasted to produce high-grade nickel oxides; these are subjected to a pressure leach, and the solution is electro- and carbonyl refined.

Existing processes for the recovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from UG-2 ores place stringent requirements with regard to chromite content (about 2.8 per cent) upon feed material to the plant. The conventional process sequence involves: smelting of a flotation concentrate to remove gangue material and to produce an iron-nickel-copper-PGM matte

Tsingshan pulls the matte out from under nickel's rally. HANOI, March 4 (Reuters) - Chinese stainless steel and nickel giant Tsingshan Holding Group's decision to produce a large amount of nickel matte in Indonesia has eased investor concerns over battery-grade supply and pressured prices, industry analysts say.

concentrator copper recovery* smelter recovery for copper)* Mo%) Where Cu tot is the total copper grade Cu as is the acid soluble copper grade NSR Mo is the net smelter return price for molybdenum Annels 1991. Example 2: ... (0.47% copper and 0.13 g/t gold) The calculation: CuEq = Cu + (0.63Au) recovery 1t of ore with 1% Cu is worth (3/ 0 ...

In February 2021, China's Tsingshan upset the global nickel market by announcing it will convert Class II nickel pig iron (NPI) into intermediate nickel matte utilizing old but well proven ...

A nickel deposit may have PGE, gold or other minor constituents. Use this simple metal equivalents calculator to calculate common (and uncommon) equivalences. For each metal select the grade and the market price to be used in the calculations. You may also select a metallurgical recovery % and smelter return rate if known.

The value of the free copper, gold and silver in a copper concentrates for a copper smelter is depending on the recovery rate, LME copper price and LMBA gold and silver price. In this example the recovery rate for a copper smelter is 98.0%. The value of free gold and silver is normally greater than the value of the free metal for copper.

Synchronous extractions of nickel, copper, and cobalt by selective chlorinating roasting and water leaching to low–grade nickel–copper matte. Separation and Purification Technology 195, …

optimum conditions for the flotation of nickel, copper and cobalt from a nickel-copper sulphide ore. The parameters investigated include collector dosage, percentage solids, depressant dosage and pH. The effects of these parameters at three different levels on the recovery of Ni, Cu and Co were investigated using an L 9 Taguchi orthogonal array.

Copper nickel can be get from raw ore, then the copper concentrate with low grade nickel and the nickel concentrate with low grade copper can be separate from the mixing concentrate, the nickel concentrate will be sent into the next stop-smelting, nickel matte can be get then separated. Mixing-preferably Flotation then Nickel Recovery

nickel. Process gases are cooled, and particulates are then removed by gas-cleaning devices. Nickel Refining Various processes are used to refine nickel matte. Fluid bed roasting and chlorine-hydrogen reduc-tion produce high-grade nickel oxides (more than 95% nickel). Vapor processes such as the carbo-nyl process can be used to produce high ...

dissolution of nickel (i.e. the current efficiency is – this will be explained further below). The factor 1.095 in the above calculation is derived from Faraday's work discussed on the previous page. For nickel, the atomic weight is 58.70 and the valency is 2, giving an equivalent weight of 29.35. Therefore, 26.799 ampere-hours will

Various processes are used to refine nickel matte. Fluid bed roasting and a chlorine-hydrogen reduction will produce high grade nickel oxides (95%+ nickel). Vapor processes, such as the carbonyl process, can be used to produce high purity nickel pellets. In this process, copper and precious metals remain as a pyrophoric residue requiring separate

Estimates of Electricity Requirements for the Recovery of Mineral Commodities, with Examples Applied to Sub-Saharan Africa . Open-File Report 2011–1253

The low-grade nickel-copper matte used in this study was obtained from smelting highly concentrated sulfide nickel-copper ore from Jinchuan Co., China. The main composition is given in Table 1. Fig. 1 shows the metallographs of low-grade nickel-copper matte and Fig. 2 shows the XRD patterns of the nickel-copper matte.

in the matte-copper-slag-tridymite system (at 1200 °C and matte grade of 55–80 wt% Cu) were in the same range (L Cu/s [Ag] = 140–520) as ours. For gold, platinum and palladium, the distribution coefficients were calculated using the results obtained with a spot size of 110 µm for eight samples and 155 µm for four samples.

Formula (32) is very convenient for milling calculations on ores of this type. Example: An ore contains 5% lead and 1% copper. The ratio of perfect concentration for a concentrate of maximum grade and recoveries of lead and copper would be: by (29) K perfect = 100/5.775+2.887 = 11.545 and % Pb in perfect concentrate = 11.545 x 5 = 57.7%

continuous converting of low-grade nickel/PGM matte to high grade Bessemer matte – the patented Nickel ISACONVERT™ process. Analogous to the ISACONVERT™ process for copper, the Nickel ISACONVERT™ process also employs the calcium ferrite slag system. NICKEL / PGM ISACONVERT™ PROCESS CONCEPT The feed to a PGM smelter typically consists ...

US3293027A US383683A US38368364A US3293027A US 3293027 A US3293027 A US 3293027A US 383683 A US383683 A US 383683A US 38368364 A US38368364 A US 38368364A US 3293027 A US3293027 A US 3293027A Authority US United States Prior art keywords leach stage arsenic nickel solution Prior art date Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal …

2.2. Characterization and thermodynamic calculations. The high-grade nickel matte samples before and after anodic polarization in the sulfuric acid solution were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker-AXS D8 Advance) using a monochromatic Cu Kα radiation at a scan rate of 6°/min, target voltage of 40 kV and the tube current of 40 mA, optical microscopy (OM, DM4000 M, …

Depending on the chemical composition, converter matte may be copper, nickel and copper-nickel matte. Converting An autogenous pyrometallurgical process where ferrous and other detrimental impurities are oxidised and removed as slag to produce blister copper (in copper concentrate smelting) or converter matte (in copper-nickel concentrate ...

The supply and demand of pure and high-grade nickel products during the past decade has been erratic and subject to wide fluctuations in delivered price. This article describes theestablished industrial processes for recovery of nickel originating from sulphidic sources. Details of smelting and refining practice are provided for the three ...

EPA-450/4-84-007f March 1984 LOCATING AND ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS FROM SOURCES OF NICKEL U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Office of Air and Radiation

Nickel-copper converter slag 'A'- 100 kVA and 200 kVA. Using converter slag from a nickel-copper plant, tests were carried out, in 1990, on a 100 kVA furnace (operated at 30 kW) and on a 200 kVA furnace (operated at 85 kW), at low additions of reductant (in order to minimize the reduction of iron).

2.3 Sulphide minerals containing nickel, copper and cobalt 2.4 Familiar extracting and refining processes for nickel sulphides 2.5 Fundamentals of sulphide leaching 2.6 Previous investigation on nickel, copper and cobalt sulphide leachinig 2:7 Moss spectroscopy 2.1 Hydrometallurgy LITERATURE SURVEY

The liquid left is a mixture of copper sulfides and iron sulfides. It is called a matte. Stage 5: Conversion of matte to copper blister The liquid matte is oxidised with air to form blister copper in a converter. Blister copper from the smelter is poured into the anode casting moulds.

Low-nickel matte was intensively characterized, and Ni, Cu, and Co were determined to exist mainly as (Fe,Ni)9S8 and FeNi3, Cu5FeS4, and (Fe,Ni)9S8 and Fe3O4 (in isomorphic form), respectively. The efficient and selective extraction of Ni, Cu, and Co from the low-nickel matte in an (NH4)2S2O8/NH3·H2O solution system was studied. The effects of (NH4)2S2O8 and NH3·H2O …

Moscow, October 20, 2021 — Nornickel, the world's largest producer of palladium and high-grade nickel and a major producer of platinum and copper, announces preliminary consolidated production results for the third quarter and nine months of 2021.. Senior Vice President, Operations, Sergey Stepanov commented on the production results: "In 9M 2021, the output of all key metals decreased ...

The nickel concentrate after smelting obtain the high-grade nickel matte, then use floation to separate the high-grade nickel matte . 3. mix-priority flotation and recovery the nickel from tailings. When the variety of nickel minerals are more floatable in the ore, after floation, recover the nickel minerals that less floatable in the ...

copper processing - copper processing - Roasting, smelting, and converting: Once a concentrate has been produced containing copper and other metals of value (such as gold and silver), the next step is to remove impurity elements. In older processes the concentrate, containing between 5 and 10 percent water, is first roasted in a cylindrical, refractory-lined furnace of either the hearth or ...